Archaeology in the Agricultural World
Parallels between Etruscan and Tuscan Agriculture

Descriptive cards:

The Etruscan inheritance in the world of Tuscan farming

The Etruscan Plough
The Tuscan Plough
The stages in cereal cultivation in the Etruscan world
The stages in cereal cultivation in the Tuscan farming world
The transformation of the agrarian landscape in Etruria
The Etruscan religion (Etruscan discipline) shapes agricultural land
Farming culture and the agricultural landscape
Etruscan agrarian rites: the sulcus primigenium
The Sacredness of Oxen

The harvest and the gods

The ox in the Tuscan agricultural world
The agricultural year and the liturgical year
Farmers’ conflicts with the Etruscans
The farmers’ struggles in the 1900s
 
Ancient instruments:

The Chianino agricultural cart

The bottling machine

Screw press

Pump

Yoke

Carding machine

Jack

Plough

Carpenter's work bench

Scales and cash registrer
Sulphur sprayers
Gig or trap

Farming record book

Large cart

The Tuscan Plough

Local Tuscan ploughs have a horizontal ploughshare and are composite tools with all the basic parts: plough stock (in oak, olive, apricot, cherry, mulberry), plough-beam (elm, chestnut), handle (single or double in chestnut, ilex, elm, oak or almond), handgrip, (elm), double yoke (ash, walnut, service tree, cherry, mulberry, elm, olive).


Tuscan plough with a double handle

The yoke is connected by a ring to the front beam and has the typical hole for the ropes at the centre and the ends. The presence of a depth regulator is widespread, normally consisting of a sort of metal screw or sometimes a wooden peg. Nose rings, horseshoes, muzzle, stockwhip and cattle prod are widespread.


Tuscan plough with one handle


Tuscan double yoke with ropes to attach it to the oxen